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國際計量局國際法製計量局局長：2019世（shì）界計量（liàng）日致辭

發布時間：2019-03-14 作者：計量來（lái）源：市場監管總局計量司供稿瀏覽：3826

　國際計量（liàng）局

國際法製計量局

局長致辭

世界計量日–2019年（nián）5月20日（rì）

The SI - Fundamentally better

國際單位（wèi）製（SI）—根本性飛（fēi）躍

國際單位製（SI）是被世界各國（guó）普遍采用的單位製，適用於所有的測（cè）量應用。SI的目標之一是為測量提供長（zhǎng）期穩定的基礎，但它本身並非一成不變，SI一直是一個既注重實際又不斷發展的動態體係，不斷運用最新科技成果完成自身的變革。

2018年11月，國際計量大會在凡（fán）爾賽召開。大會通過了SI自1960年創立以來最（zuì）重大的（de）變革。這使（shǐ）SI重新構建在我們當前對自然法（fǎ）則的最高認知上，同時消除了SI與基於實物原（yuán）器的定義之（zhī）間的關聯。“以量子現象建立基準（zhǔn）”的測量新方法是此次變革的原動力，它使SI發生了根本變革。

2018年11月（yuè）通過的SI變革，將於《米製公約》簽署的周年紀（jì）念日，即2019年5月20日“世界計量日”起正式生效（xiào）。此次變革對未來的影響深遠，我們一直高度重視（shì），以確保（bǎo）在變革生效之際，新定義與現行定義是兼容的。除了要求極高的用戶外，其他用戶將不會注意到此次變革引起的變化，但變革確實意味著：最（zuì）終，溯源性的建立方式（shì）可（kě）能會發生改變。與此同時，協調全球測量儀器運行的工作也在不斷推進中（zhōng），它將確保貿易界、工業界和消費者（zhě）使（shǐ）用任何重量（liàng）、長度及其它量時，不（bú）會感受到與變革（gé）前存在任（rèn）何不同。

新定義“運（yùn）用自（zì）然法則（zé）建立（lì）測量規則”，將原子和量子（zǐ）尺度（dù）的測量（liàng）與宏觀層麵的（de）測量關聯起來，實現了（le）“米製”的共同夙（sù）願——為全（quán）球測量（liàng）提供普遍適用的基礎。新定義還為未來的測量創新（xīn）奠定了基礎，使秒（miǎo）、米、安培和開爾文定義利用原子和（hé）量子（zǐ）現象不斷提（tí）高準確度水（shuǐ）平，達到人類觀測能力的極限。

The International System of Units - Fundamentally better

The International System of Units (SI) is the accepted set of units for all applications of measurement worldwide. Although one of its aims is to provide the basis for measurements that are stable over long periods of time, it has always been a practical and dynamic system that has changed to exploit the latest scientific advances.

In November 2018, the General Conference on Weights and Measures met in Versailles and agreed one of the most significant sets of changes to the SI since its inception in 1960. These were to base it on our best understanding of the laws of nature and to eliminate the link between the SI and definitions based on physical artefacts. The changes build on the results of research into new measurement methods that use quantum phenomena as the basis for standards that are fundamental.

These changes were agreed in November 2018 and come into force on May 20th 2019, a date chosen because it is the anniversary of the signature of the Metre Convention, celebrated by World Metrology Day. Whilst the future impact of the changes will be far reaching, great attention has been paid to ensure that the new definitions will be compatible with the current ones at the time the change is implemented. The changes will not be noticeable to any but the most demanding users, but, they do mean that there may be changes in the way that traceability is ultimately established. The global work to harmonize the operation of instruments used to make measurements will continue to ensure that trade, industry and consumers will not notice any difference to the weights, lengths and other measures they use.

The new definitions use �the rules of nature to create the rules of measurement�, linking measurements at the atomic and quantum scales to those at the macroscopic level. They achieve a collective ambition for the �metric system� which has been to provide universality of access to the agreed basis for worldwide measurements. They will provide the basis for future innovations in measurements that will allow the definitions of the second, the metre, the ampere and the kelvin to take advantage of atomic and quantum phenomena to achieve levels of accuracy limited only by our capacity to observe them.